The First Time Africans Stepped Foot On America s Soil

Journey to Freedom The first time Africans stepped foot on America’s soil was in 1619, when they were brought to Jamestown, Virginia to help with the growth and development of tobacco. For the next 245 years, America admitted more than 10 million slaves through the Transatlantic Slave Trade and slavery was born. The Transatlantic Slave Trade, or the Triangular Trade, connected trade between North America, Africa, and Europe. From America, plantation crops such as tobacco and cotton was sent to Europe. From Europe, manufactured goods like cloth and guns were shipped to Africa. From Africa, African slaves—men, women and children-- were transported to America. The journey to America was inhuman and dreadful. There were about 600 slaves in the hull of a ship per trip, which traveled over 3,000 miles to America. Slaves were packed on top of each other sardine-style, with no bathroom breaks, and very small proportion of meals. Usually, one bucket of food was shared by about 10 people twice a day. Slaves were chained together, deeming them immobile, so they had no choice but to relieve themselves right where they sat. With different odors and feces, disease and sickness spread rapidly killing most of the slaves. If a slave die, money is lost, so if the weather permitted slaves were allowed on deck for fresh air. Once the ship arrived to America, crew ship members prepared the slaves to be sold to plantation owners. The slaves were bathed, shaved, and rubbed with oil so woundsShow MoreRelatedEssay On The American Dream1004 Words   |  5 Pagesit Only a Dream? From the moment colonists stepped foot on American soil, freedom flowed through their skin. The new country would bring endless opprotunities to anyone who wished to pursue their dreams. Through years of effort, the United States was born and along with it a sense of equality and meaning. Today, America has much to stand for. 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Plan to Make a Million Dollars from a Person Who Has Volunteer

Essays on Plan to Make a Million Dollars from a Person Who Has Volunteer Experience in a Church and Child Care Center and Has Been Interested in Economics since Childhood Personal Statement Personal ment I served as the leader of our local church groups Christmas fund raising program this past holiday season. I was in charge of making contacting local businesses and convincing them to join in our program by donating cash or goods for the underprivileged community members. I convinced business owners to do their part by placing their business name on donation bags as part of their business promotion campaign. This idea sat very well with most of the businessmen who opted to then donate cash instead of goods. 2. My interest in the principles of economics stems from my childhood. I was encouraged by my parents to open up a lemonade stand. I was fascinated by the money that I made and that parlayed into other business ideas for me over time. I needed to become more creative and diverse in businesses that I entered into so that I could make more money from the limited capital that I had. I recognized market and economic trends which helped develop my creativity in terms of economics and its related fields. 3. Working a part time job is never easy. Specially when it seems like your supervisor has it in for you like I did. The more he tried to hassle me at work, the tougher and stronger I became. I was not going to let him treat me like an idiot. I turned to my senior co-workers and begged them to train me so that our supervisor could never find a reason to pick on me. I was able to prove that I could do the job and much more. 4. I volunteer at our local non-profit day care center during my class free days and weekends. This is something I enjoy doing because I am able to help shape the minds of our future leaders by helping them create a solid foundation for their future character and education platforms. Part of my day care projects include potty training the toddlers and helping them learn their numbers and alphabet so that they can read simple books like Dr. Seuss on their own. 5. My neighbors child is deaf mute and has never really been that sociable with other kids on the block. But one day, I saw my hearing neighbors picking on my defenseless neighbor and I felt an urge to defend my defenseless neighbor. By scaring them off, I made a new friend in my neighbor and in the process, I also learned American Sign Language as an alternative form of communication. I believe that I can help our school community by helping make our special needs students feel more welcome. 6. My goal in life is to have a million dollars by the time I turn 40. This is a dream that became my commitment to myself after I bought my first stock certificate when I turned 16. Since then I have been working part time non-stop and setting aside my investment budget every year in order to help achieve that goal. I have also been studying the intricacies of the stock market in relation to economics and how I can use that information to reach my goal.

Training programme free essay sample

This training programme will be a small (10 minute) micro session using a small part of a larger training programme. You need to design this training session on an aspect of enterprise. You need to plan the design of the programme giving consideration to the way you will deliver it. In your role as the trainer you have been given the job of writing a report to the HR director outlining and describing the factors and different methods available to you in planning and designing the training programme. Ensure you describe the following in your report: P3 describe the factors to be considered in the planning and design of a training programme 1) You need to give the micro training session a context, stating the organisation that the training will be done for (Black Country Chamber of Commerce) and the wider training programme it would fit into 2) What will the objectives of training be (what makes them SMART) – what should delegates be able to do be the end of the session? ) Describe what on the job training and off the job training are and how they are different – state if your session would be done on the job or off the job and why 4) Explain the difference between internal and external training providers, Give examples of who these could consist of – state if you are an internal or external training provider 5) Describe 6 of the following delivery methods of training available and what they involve: Courses, mentoring, coaching, action learning, assignments, projects, seminars, e-learning, distance learning, work shops, shadowing, secondments and conferences – 6) State what delivery method you will be using in your micro training session and say why 7) Describe what the training costs you would be likely to face for delivering your micro training course Task 2 P4 conduct a review of the success of a training programme. We will write a custom essay sample on Training programme or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is important for organisations to review training programmes to gage how successful they have been in developing the skills and knowledge of the learners who have attended the course. Using the micro training session you delivered. Write a report to outline the methods you have used to review the success of the training program. You should evaluate the following in your report: a) Planning – say how well you planned the session, how long did it take, what areas / where did you have to research b) Design – outline how well your lesson plan covered the training. Did you follow your times / structure well? c) Delivery – Outline how well you delivered the training. Was it successful? Where the students engaged in the learning? ) Implementation – Did you implement the lesson well, where there any barriers to the learning (say if your resources were good / bad e. g. handouts / exercises / PowerPoint presentation useful? What way would you have changed them if you delivered the session again? ) e) Content – Was the content relevant? What if anything would you change for next time? f) Achievement of objectives Say how well you got the o bjectives over, where they achieved? In addition describe and discuss the following methods that could be used to evaluate the overall training programme for your organisation: ) Questionnaires – say how they could be used to assess your training course by the delegates or by the b) Observation c) Trainer/trainee feedback – outline the feedback your received from the students d) Customer comments – describe how customer comments could be used to evaluate the success of the training e) Training audits – say what they are and how you would expect them to be improved post training f) Achievements of awards by trainees – Describe how if the trainees passed the course they are more likely to perform to higher level in terms of enterprise. g) Indicators, e. g. abour turnover, productivity measures, quality improvements, performance indicators (sales figures, customer service feedback). – outline how these indicators could be used to measure the success of your training course. Task 2 for M3 explain the importance of the factors which need to be considered when planning, designing and delivering a training programme. Consider that you were doing the entire training programme for your chosen organisation. You need to plan the activities that would ne ed to take place and the factors to be considered when designing and delivering the entire training programme. Ensure you explain the following in your report: 1) Identifying a range of training methods that could be used to deliver the programme in its entirety 2) Explain why the methods are appropriate for the staff being trained 3) Explain the factors that should be considered when making decisions concerning the appropriateness of the methods of training at different levels of the organisation 4) Consider the entire training programme and explain what the budget for delivery of a training programme is and the impact it will have on the quality and delivery of the course

Imperialism in Africa Essay Example For Students

Imperialism in Africa Essay When the Age of Imperialism began in 1875, it effected Africa in many ways. Nowhere was the competition for colonies more intense than in Africa. Europeans went after North and South Africa splitting up the continent. Egypt and Sudan were taken over by Britain to obtain the Suez Canal. Imperialism helped to develop Africas economy and turned it into a continent of colonies. Until well into the 1800s Africa was relatively unknown to Europeans. They controlled less than ten percent of the continent. By 1882 Britain, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain were all claiming parts of Africa. In 1900, they had divided ninety percent of Africa into colonies. Although European ships had for centuries traded at ports along the coast, they brought back little knowledge of Africas interior. Later Europeans started exploring the continent. The best known of these explorers was David Livingstone. This Scottish missionary spent thirty years in central Africa, and gave Europeans their first detailed information about Africa and its people. In the mid-1800s Africa south of the Sahara contained more than seven hundred different ethnic groups. Most were organized into communities based on ties of tradition and family. Occasionally, a powerful group formed a state that was strong enough to conquer neighboring groups and form an empire. Europeans had already moved into North Africa. The White Man killed my father, My father was proud. The White Man seduced my mother, My mother was beautiful. The White Man burnt my brother Beneath the noonday sun, My brother was strong. His hands red with black blood The White Man turned to me; And in the Conquerors voice said, Boy! A chair, a napkin, a drink. In Southern Africa, there were mineral discoveries in the 1860, 70, and 80s. These discoveries had an enormous impact on Southern Africa. These discoveries lead to a rush of many fortune hunters and the establishment of the town of Kimberly, which grew quickly and soon became the largest urban society in the interior of Southern Africa. Soon the diamond industry was controlled by one monopolistic company. This was one negative effect of imperialism in Africa. While the foreigners were diamond hunting, the African people continued to mine for gold. Soon, though, the diamond industry lost its popularity which an enormous amount of gold was found near present day Johannesburg. Many of the businessmen that had made fortunes in the diamond industry left and established a series of gold-mining companies. Once again the native African people were being taken over by the foreigners. Europeans viewed Africa as a place where there were more jobs as well as investment opportunities doe the middle class, and a place where the lower class was offered higher status, better job opportunities, and a chance to leave life behind and start again fresh. They also believed that the African people were people who needed to be helped so the Europeans went over on various church missions. Rudyard Kiplings poem, White Mans Burden, captures the mentality of the Europeans: Take up the White Mans burden Send out the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile, To serve your captives need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child. Not all Europeans felt the need to save the Africans. Cecil Rhodes was a British born imperialist who had established the diamond company that controlled 90 percent of the worlds diamond production. He abided heavily by laissez faire capitalism and British superiority. Although not thinking of the African nation as needing to be changed, he looked at everything a different way. A quote from him explains that he, although not like the others, still believed that African nations were there to be taken over and used for their resources by higher and more superior countries. Africa is still lying ready for us. It is our duty to take it. It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race more of the best the most human, most honorable race the world possesses .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 , .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 .postImageUrl , .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 , .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979:hover , .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979:visited , .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979:active { border:0!important; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979:active , .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979 .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5fbcc512e1404b6e8473644d186ab979:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The International Accounting Standards Boards Accounting EssayNot only negative came out of the Europeans coming into African and colonizing. It could be argued that it was .

Residual welfare model in Hong Kong Essay Example

Residual welfare model in Hong Kong Paper Residual position of societal public assistance Social public assistance is a important issue in a society. The societal issues allow us cognize which public assistance should supply and to what extent the public assistance can be provided. In fact, the ways to supply societal public assistance may change between different societies. The societal public assistance system in Hong Kong is following the residuary public assistance theoretical account. Hong Kong has followed the large market, little authorities political orientation for many old ages. It is based on the thought of the residuary public assistance theoretical account that there is no demand for the authorities to prosecute in the distribution procedure of societal public assistance. This is because people can decide the jobs themselves. The needy can happen support through the market mechanism, household or the non-profit-making organisations. The authorities will merely supply support to people when the needy truly can’t solve the jobs themselves. Therefore, harmonizing to the large market, little authorities rule, the authorities holds the belief that people have the ability to acquire rid of the troubles. The authorities is the last and impermanent resort of the needy. The authorities can supply the immediate support to the needy. However, in the long term, the needy have to happen ways to assist themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Residual welfare model in Hong Kong specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Residual welfare model in Hong Kong specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Residual welfare model in Hong Kong specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Due to the residuary public assistance theoretical account, the policies in Hong Kong are non cosmopolitan. The societal aids in Hong Kong normally have the agencies trial because the authorities merely will assist people who are under a really hapless fiscal or populating status. I will utilize the instruction and lodging facets in order to demo that the policies in Hong Kong demonstrate the political orientation of residuary public assistance theoretical account. For instruction, the authorities provides support in the signifier of loans and grants for pupils who live in the low income household. The pupils might acquire full grants of their tuition fee but they should undergo the agencies test foremost. Besides, in order to protect people’s basic life demand, the authorities launches the public lodging strategy. The authorities provides low-cost lodging for low-income occupants. If people want to use for the public house, they should go through the agencies trial in the public lodging strategy. From the policies of instruction and public lodging, we can cognize that Hong Kong is under the residuary public assistance theoretical account because every policies are non cosmopolitan and they will put some demands for people to achieve which this is fit t he beliefs of residuary public assistance theoretical account. Therefore, the individualistic manner and ‘positive non- interventionism’ are regarded as two chief characteristics of Hong Kong’s policy. Despite the instruction and lodging policies, the retirement protection system besides demonstrate the thoughts of residuary public assistance theoretical account. The aging population job is going more serious in Hong Kong. The aging population of aged 65 and above is acquiring increasing from 12 % to 17 % in 2002 to 2012 ( Census and Statistics Department, 2013 ) . Hong Kong is sing the aging jobs over the past decennary. In my undermentioned portion, I will concentrate on the retirement protection policy within the aged public assistance system. Three-pillar retirement protection attack In order to cover with the aging jobs, the World Bank implements the multi-pillar-model. There will be three pillar attacks toward the retirement protection system when the World Bank first times to establish the strategy. The Pillar I is a public retributive and defined-benefit system. It is so called the ‘pay as you go’ attack. Besides, the Pillar II is a private, funded and defined part system. Besides, the Pillar III is a private, voluntary and auxiliary defined part system ( Roller, 2012 ) . The two more pillars were added in the theoretical accounts subsequently which are the Zero Pillar and Pillar IV. The Zero pillar purposes to protect people’s basic demand. It holds the belief that everything should undergo the procedure of agencies trial. It is besides related to the Pillar I because both of them are wishing to relieve poorness. Both of them believe that all citizens should prosecute in the public assistance procedure ( Castells, 2010 ) . Furthermore, Pi llar IV is speaking about some support from household which might non be related to the money ( Chou, 2009 ) . Even though the theoretical account of the World Bank has five pillars today, Hong Kong is still following a three-pillar attack toward the retirement protection policy. First, the Zero pillar exists in Hong Kong which aims to supply the basic demand to the aged. In Hong Kong, when the aged meet the age demand, they can have the CSSA and Old Age Allowance ( OAA ) . The CSSA and OAA can move as trim money for the aged to carry through their day-to-day life. Second, Hong Kong has the Pillar II which the illustration is the MPF. If you get a occupation, there is no uncertainty that every employee has to prosecute in the MPF. Third, Hong Kong has the Pillar III which is related to the voluntary private nest eggs ( e†ºÃ‚ ·e?Zei2011 ) . In order to hold a better life as a retired individual, they might utilize their ain nest eggs to back up their day-to-day life. For the retirement protection policy, we can cognize that the authorities is obeying the regulation of ‘big market, little authorities ’ . It means that the authorities and the other establishments besides have the duty toward the retirement protection policy. The Means trials are the primary method for finding eligibility when using the CSSA and Old Age Allowance. Selective hard currency aids are reserved for people defined within the context of the policy as in demand. Means testing is used to place people with limited resources. This selective procedure determines the eligibility for public assistance benefits or services so it shows the thoughts of residuary public assistance theoretical account. The authorities uses the three pillars approach in order to supply the basic demand to the aged. However, it is non job free with the three pillars approach. Hong Kong Council of Social Service finished a statistic about aging population last twelvemonth. There are a 3rd of people aged 65 and over are populating under poorness ( e†ºÃ‚ ·e?Zei2011 ) . They are regarded as really hapless people among the universe. Therefore, people argue that if the CSSA and Old Age Allowance which the aged rely on can truly supply the basic necessities for them. Besides, people besides argue that the MPF covers merely working people. Housewifes and others who are non employed are non covered by the MPF. There is small trouble in understanding that people will experience uncertainty that how the retirement protection of the homemakers is. Obviously, the bing retirement protection policy is seeking to undertake the fiscal jobs of the aged. When the aged truly necessitate aid, the authorities can supply them with the basic demand. The study from the Census and Statistics Department shows that the aging population will be increasing rapidly in the coming old ages. The aged aged 65 and above will increase from the 1.0 million last twelvemonth to 2.6 million in 2041. This statistic suggests that by 2041, around one in three individuals will be seniors ( Census and Statistics Department, 2013 ) . Therefore, due to the restrictions in the retirement protection policy I mentioned, there is no uncertainty that the authorities should do betterment toward the retirement protection policy. Experiences from Taiwan Taiwan is the same as Hong Kong that it besides has the aging population and with the similar geographic background as Hong Kong. As the retirement protection policy in Taiwan is rather good developed, it can be Hong Kong’s mention when bettering the retirement protection policy. Taiwan follows the five-pillar attacks when covering with the aged policy. I will concentrate on speaking about the National Pension Program in Taiwan because the other retirement protection policies in Taiwan are about the same as other states. The National Pension Program purposes to supply the aged with the basic demands in their day-to-day life. For the seniors who want to use for the National Pension Program, they ought to undergo the procedure of agencies trial and there is a residence demand that they have to go through. In order to keep the sustainability of the National Pension Program, the authorities should non pay the money to the seniors in one clip. They should pay the money measure by measure, such as monthly ( Roller, 2012 ) . Urge for a cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy Hong Kong and Taiwan have the similarities in the reform procedure. However, their pension reform is really different. Taiwan implements the National Pension Program successfully whereas Hong Kong merely focuses on the CSSA and Old Age Allowance. With mention in Taiwan, some people suggest that Hong Kong ought to spread out its retirement protection policy which is to present a retirement protection strategy which is for all citizens. This strategy is subsequently explained by Professor Nelson Chow Wing-sun. He proposed to put up a cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy in Hong Kong. In the strategy, HK $ 3,000 monthly pension will be given to people aged 65 and above ( a‘ °- °i2013 i?†° . In order to keep the stableness of the strategy, the employers and employees need to lend and the authorities would be responsible for some of the fund. This new strategy eliminates means trials and other administrative processs because age standards are the lone eligibility to make up ones mind if you can acquire the pension or non. I think that the retirement protection strategy proposed by Professor Nelson Chow has the same significance as the National Pension Program in Taiwan because both of them concentrate on the people who are non in the labour market. They all want to protect these people from being hapless. For the bing three pillar attack, I feel uncertainty of their effectivity in run intoing the demands of the aged. With the low rates of return, the MPF can’t support people’s day-to-day life. Therefore, if the senior merely rely on the MPF system, it is non rational for them. Due to the defect of the three pillar attack, I have a pursuit for a cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy as what Professor Nelson Chow proposed. However, based on Professor Chow’s proposal on cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy, I think there should add the means trial into the strategy. The purpose of the cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy is to relieve aged poorness. Therefore, the hapless people serve foremost. We should aim on those with a echt demand and some signifier of agencies proving is necessary. There is no uncertainty that the aged deserve a decent and better retirement. If we have the means-tested in the cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy, some people can’t have the public pension due to their income degree. Therefore, people might reason that it is non a retirement protection for all citizens so it is unjust. However, if there is no means trial and everyone aged 65 or above can have the pension, it might damage the economic development of Hong Kong and increase load on employers. Furthermore, any retirement protection strategy without agencies trial is sing as ‘welfarism’ . This might do the financially impracticable for the authorities to shoulder the load of a cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy over clip. Therefore, in order to do a good usage of the cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy, I suggest that there should include a means trial in Professor Nelson Chow’s proposal which is the same as the Taiwan’s National Pension Program. There is non a new thing when speaking about the ripening job. Hong Kong and Taiwan have many similar features toward the aged policy. However, Taiwan developed its retirement protection policies at a faster gait. Therefore, Hong Kong should larn from the Taiwan’s National Pension Program that to implement the agencies trial in the cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy. The advantage of the strategy is that it provides the protection to the non-employees. For the bing retirement policy, such as the MPF system, it excludes the protection of the homemakers. Thu, a cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy can complement this job. Besides, for some people, they argue that the fiscal force per unit area will be mounted on working people under the cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy because they have to bear the cost of the strategy. Therefore, in order to do a good usage of the fund, the cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy should include the means trial. Furthermore, the agencies test can move as a resource distribution. This is because the destitute seniors can be found and they can acquire aid from the authorities. Improvement of the three pillar attack Many people hold the belief that it is a immense concern for the population development that one in three people will be aged 65 old ages old and above in the coming old ages. This phenomenon threatens the economic growing because there will be more people but less that are working. Therefore, fewer people will lend to the economic system. If we have more aged people in Hong Kong, it is a must to reexamine the retirement protection policy. For our hereafter planning of retirement protection system, Professor Nelson Chow’s cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy can be one of the steps. We can’t happen a theoretical account reply to state us how to put up a good retirement protection policy due to the diverseness of different states. Despite Professor Nelson Chow’s proposal, there is indispensable for the authorities to do alterations on the three attack theoretical account toward the retirement protection policy. For the Zero pillar, CSSA and OAA act as a safety cyberspace for the destitute aged. However, there might hold some jobs toward the CSSA. When using the CSSA, the elderly’s household members, such as her boy or girl, have to subscribe the declaration that they won’t provide fiscal support for the aged. Therefore, if the aged is in bad relationship with her household members, here boy or girl might non able to subscribe the declaration for her. Therefore, the senior can’t get the CSSA. Besides, the money in the CSSA might non be able to supply basic demands for aged because of the rising prices. Due to the rising prices, we have to pay more money when purchasing things. In order to assist the aged during rising prices, the authorities should set the money in CSSA more often. In add-on, we should better the MPF system in the Pillar II. The employees should experience free to take their MPF plan due to the different sets of demands. There should be no barriers for employees when taking the MPF plan. Furthermore, the authorities ought to offer inducements to promote voluntary nest eggs in Pillar III. The pillar III is related to the voluntary parts to the MPF system. In order to promote personal nest eggs, the authorities needs to supply the revenue enhancement incentives for people. For the three pillars approach, the authorities needs to measure the fiscal sustainability on a regular basis. As suggestion before, the bing three pillars policies should be reinforced and enhanced. Future planning of the retirement protection policy Everyone agree that the cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy is non implemented in Hong Kong for the aged at this minute. The authorities merely focuses on the Zero pillar. The authorities set some regulations for the aged to run into. If they can go through the demands set by the authorities, they can acquire aid. When be aftering the hereafter policy for retired people, the strategy proposed by Professor Chow could be the manner out. We should see the construct of ‘responsibility’ when be aftering the future retirement protection policy. Hong Kong is under the residuary public assistance theoretical account that people solve the jobs through the household and market. The authorities is the last manner to assist people. Therefore, for the retirement protection policy, it is related to the construct of ‘who is responsible? ’ . Some people think that the old age life protection should be the duty of persons and their household and non be laid on others nor should it be entirely financed by the authorities. Therefore, the function played by the authorities in retirement protection policy can be different from assorted parties. In the position of limited fiscal resources, the authorities should merely supply for the financially destitute ageds and non for all senior citizens. On the contrary, with the degree of Hong Kong’s economic development and the immense fiscal modesty, some people proposed that the authorities have the capacity and means to supply for basic support protection for all senior citizens. The perceptual experience toward retirement protection policy will act upon the function of the authorities. If people link the retirement protection policy with the income, it causes heavy load on public finance and may hold influence on the economic system. On the other manus, people who universal retirement protection strategy points to a sort of benefit for all senior citizens, unrelated to their past work history or wage. They hoped for the puting up of some sort of cosmopolitan support protection grant. There is obvious that Hong Kong uses the three attacks toward the retirement protection policy. Many elderly received the hard currency aids from the authorities. They still live under poorness. This might people reason that if the CSSA or other hard currency transportation plans are feasible or non. Presents, people have a higher outlook on the public assistance support. They have the pursuits for cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy. The strategy supposed to supply better protection for retired people. However, how the strategy should be implemented is still under a dialogue procedure. There are many things we have to make up ones mind when implementing the strategy, such as to undergo the means trial or non. The cosmopolitan retirement protection in Taiwan implement in a really successful manner. Even some people claim that Hong Kong is better developed than Taiwan, we still should larn from Taiwan’s experience and make up ones mind how to originate a cosmopolitan retirement protection strategy. We should establish the strategy harmonizing to the specific characteristics of Hong Kong. In fact, some people claim that the political environment affect the implement of the retirement protection strategy. This is related to people‘s conservativeness toward a policy. Therefore, we should be cognizant of the political issues when planing the retirement protection policy. The retirement protection policy is a really complicated topic which affects all HongKonger and has far-reaching impact on the financial sustainability in Hong Kong. In order to happen a suited manner of the development toward retirement protection policy, people should clear up the construct which is related to ‘responsibility’ . Mentions e†ºÃ‚ ·e?Zei?saˆSc‚?a »Ã‹â€ eaˆ?a†¦Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬Ëœeˆˆa?‘aes?a? ¶a? ¦aˆ?aaei?Y aˆâ€ ¹iaˆSaa  ±ec ¶Ã¢â‚¬Å"?- °e?zaˆâ€ ¹i2011 a4 4 ?-? . a‘ °- ° : aˆSc ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ?c ­-cs„e §Ã‹â€ a? µa’?a? ¶a? ¦aˆâ€ ¹i2013 i?†°ia? ­e†º?a ±Ã‹â€  Castells, M. ( 2010 ) ,The Shek Kip Mei Syndrome: EconomicDevelopment and Public Housing Development in Hong Kong and Singapore, UK. Pion Ltd. Census and Statistics Department ( 2013 ) , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Chou, L.K. ( 2009 ) .â€Å"Retirement Income Protection in Hong Kong† . Ageing in East Asia Challenges and Policies for the Twenty-first century( pp. 105-137 ) . London: Routledge. Roller, E. ( 2012 ) .The public assistance province: the equality dimension. The range of authorities, New York: Oxford University Press. 1

Free Essays on Hamlet, A Detaled Summary

The play Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare is about a son’s revenge for his father’s murder and the catastrophe of the ensuing events. This overwhelming adventure of tragedy and deep thought has entertained generations for over four centuries. Like must of Shakespeare’s plays, he uses philosophical thinking characters. Unlike Shakespeare’s other plays there are numerous questions that remain unanswered at the end of the play. The foremost and arguably the most important question could be â€Å"Is Hamlet actually crazy?† Is he faking his mental balance, or has he actually gone of the deep end? That sole question continues to question many brilliant minds, and remains unanswered. Therefore, as we begin, the play is set in Denmark, during the Middle Ages, where the house of Hamlet rules all of Denmark. The story begins with Francisco, a soldier standing watch outside the gates of Elsinore Castle, meeting Barnardo who has arrived to replace him. Marcellus, another guard, and Horatio, a scholar and friend of Hamlet, soon joins Francisco and Barnardo. Horatio has been brought along due to Francisco and Barnardo’s claim to have seen a ghost while on watch. While Barnardo describes to Horatio exactly what he has seen, the ghost appears in front of them. Horatio tells Barnardo that the ghost looks like the deceased King Hamlet, also known as Old Hamlet. Horatio tells Marcellus that he will enlighten young Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark and the son of King Hamlet, that a ghost keeps appearing in the shape of his father. Marcellus knows where young Hamlet is and leaves with Horatio to find him. Queen Gertrude, other lords, and attendants in the castle accompany King Claudius, who has assumed the throne since his brother King Hamlet died. He addresses the people, telling them that although his brother’s death is fresh in their minds, it is time for them to rejoice his royal marriage to Queen Gertrude, who was also his brother’s... Free Essays on Hamlet, A Detaled Summary Free Essays on Hamlet, A Detaled Summary The play Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare is about a son’s revenge for his father’s murder and the catastrophe of the ensuing events. This overwhelming adventure of tragedy and deep thought has entertained generations for over four centuries. Like must of Shakespeare’s plays, he uses philosophical thinking characters. Unlike Shakespeare’s other plays there are numerous questions that remain unanswered at the end of the play. The foremost and arguably the most important question could be â€Å"Is Hamlet actually crazy?† Is he faking his mental balance, or has he actually gone of the deep end? That sole question continues to question many brilliant minds, and remains unanswered. Therefore, as we begin, the play is set in Denmark, during the Middle Ages, where the house of Hamlet rules all of Denmark. The story begins with Francisco, a soldier standing watch outside the gates of Elsinore Castle, meeting Barnardo who has arrived to replace him. Marcellus, another guard, and Horatio, a scholar and friend of Hamlet, soon joins Francisco and Barnardo. Horatio has been brought along due to Francisco and Barnardo’s claim to have seen a ghost while on watch. While Barnardo describes to Horatio exactly what he has seen, the ghost appears in front of them. Horatio tells Barnardo that the ghost looks like the deceased King Hamlet, also known as Old Hamlet. Horatio tells Marcellus that he will enlighten young Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark and the son of King Hamlet, that a ghost keeps appearing in the shape of his father. Marcellus knows where young Hamlet is and leaves with Horatio to find him. Queen Gertrude, other lords, and attendants in the castle accompany King Claudius, who has assumed the throne since his brother King Hamlet died. He addresses the people, telling them that although his brother’s death is fresh in their minds, it is time for them to rejoice his royal marriage to Queen Gertrude, who was also his brother’s...

Major League Baseball Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Major League Baseball - Essay Example It uses a unique video editing information system as a product differentiation strategy that allows employees to produce highlights in just a few minutes, sending out about 200 highlights a day during the regular season and meeting a wide range of customer needs. The buyer’s volume and importance of the product are evident from its sales levels and demands for the MLBAM (Case Study 2). The product generates around $ 450 million a year in revenues, out of which fifty percent comes from fans with the balance generated from advertising that comes with online content. Supplier power Supplier strength for MLBAM is visible in its strong command and concentration in the online sports content business that has been hugely successful judging from the impressive revenue performance, satisfied users given the amount of information, updates received and convenience. The company has also succeeded in product differentiation because it offers the product in a unique way and targets niche ma rket. It also uses different technological platforms that apply a plug or a battery such as computers, laptops, and mobile phones to send clips of streaming video and text, thus creating utmost convenience informing viewers and fans about what they need to know. The product has capabilities to tap into the base by presenting multiple (camera) angles, on-demand video, and stats. Another aspect of supplier power for MLB is its specialty in providing a large amount of online information that is unavailable anywhere else or on any other device. Further, online content business has become a popular source of information for many users, thus creating immense business viability for suppliers who offer unique products and services with the objective to meet the needs of the different online customers. MLB has identified these needs and perfectly tried to meet them through their product. Increasing customer loyalty To maintain and/or increase customer loyalty, MLBAM should employ strategies that jealously guard its existing market share and also explore ways of expanding the customer base to grow revenue and increase business performance. Product differentiation based on customer segments is one of the strategies the company can use. Though it targets to introduce customized applications for certain models of cell phones, it can expand the scope to cover other handsets and also include other non-phone gadgets such as iPads. The company should also explore the strengths and limitations of its competitors by interrogating the soft spots of alternative products to strengthen its products. Other strategies may include going an extra mile to know its customers better, meet and exceed customer expectations, increase value derived by customers from its products, and endeavor to distinguish between needs and wants. Which of Porter's three generic strategies is MLBAM following? Porter’s generic strategies are: segmentation strategy (focus) for a narrow market scope, diff erentiation strategy for a broad market scope with competitive advantages of uniqueness and competency, cost leadership strategy for a broad market scope with advantages of low cost and competency. MLBAM seems to have adopted the differentiation strategy targeting a broad market but ensuring uniqueness and competency as the selling points. How can MLBAM use efficiency IT metrics and effectiveness IT metrics to improve

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Plan to study an oranization (what is reason for development of the origination, how the organization fulfill its Mission and organization infrastructure.) - Essay Example Several issues cause the increase chronic disease in aging group as follows: It is pertinent to note that chronic disease do force a patient to engage in advanced medication this is planed and will be followed in the study of the Bloomington Meals on Wheels organization (Oatman, 2008. p. 86). Thus, the injection of medicine into blood stream can overpower the human response. The study of new technology at The Bloomington Meals on Wheels organization will include how technology facilitates the smooth running of the organization and the effect it has to the patient. For instance, new technology can misinterpret the old prescription procedures, which will result in increasing rate of chronic disease in aging individual (Roemer, 2008.p.58). According to the experts in The Bloomington Meals on Wheels organization it is that advance in prescription of drugs will affect aging people in certain ways. It is expected that a physician should administer medications in a slow manner to the elderly. In such situation, good foods and perfect nutrition will make a sound treatment (Roemer, 2007.p. 89). In addition, many baby boomers are in retirement age and that they need extra medical care. As a result, a good nutrition’s will be a booster to their health, since the elderly do need more of healthy care than any other individuals do. Further, there is several hindrances for instance insurance fact. It follows that the there are increase in the number of individuals who are not insured and so are not legible for Medicaid or Medicare. it is worth noting that there are is increase in the out-of pocket payment for about 29%.the above makes sick individuals to be unable to afford nursing home facilities. In addition, in recent trends shift from institutionalized for instance nursing home to non-institutional seize care at home (Stein, & Baum 2011. p.79). It is important to understand that informal caregivers at home for instance wife

Lab exercise Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lab exercise - Coursework Example In this process, the colonies are placed on plates and then for each dilution the number of counting units are determined by counting the units on the plates. The count should be between 30 and 800. The counted values are then recorded in a table in excel spreadsheet. In cases where the numbers of the CFUs is greater than 1000, then the value is recorded as TNTC i.e. Too Numerous to Count. In cases where the count is less than 10, the value is recorded but it is not utilized in the final calculation. The results are recorded in a table just like the one shown below Sterile transfer technique used in the transformation of bacteria from one location to another. This ensures no additional bacteria contaminates the one (bacteria) in transit. Also, this technique is used to prevent the bacteria from escaping and infecting the environment. The success of the sterile technique is dependent on several factors. The factors that facilitates the success of sterile transfer experiments are as highlighted below; ii) All the ends of loops and all the transfer loops must be flamed. Also, caution should be taken such that the tubes are kept open only in the minimum amount of time possible. When the tubes are open, they should be inclined at 45

Reading Difficulties In Students With Dyslexia?

Reading Difficulties In Students With Dyslexia? INTRODUCATION Reading is a necessary skill for success in all societies, and the ability to read throughout various contexts effectively likely to improve self confidence and social progress as well as ones potential carrier. However, Reading difficulties is the problem that faces many students with dyslexia across different educational system. It seems clear that there are two main methods of conceiving LD in general and the natural reality concept of dyslexia. One main definition relates to psychological/medical model and the other is social model (Kevin, 1999). It is frequently pointed out that reading skill is complicated because it is based on two main processes which are coding, comprehension. They require learning all alphabetical characters and the outcome of knowledge as well as interaction with the readers own experiences and access to results through the text. According to H. Lee Swanson, Karen R. Harris, Steve Graham (2006) reading difficulties is deficit in learning processes which are include visual perception and perceptual Kinetic perceptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ etc. They established training programs for this processes which are prerequisite for learning to read, such as audio and visual perception. However, this trend has been criticized by researchers; because the theoretical philosophy was relatively weak and it was not grounded on scientific based evidence instead it was meant to see only virtual behavior. On the other hand, in the sixties and seventies of the last century has returned to focus on direct teaching and structured learning, which focus on Code-emphasis and Whole Language (Hoien, 2000). Unfortunately, it is clear that there is no known medical alternative to reduce the severity of cognitive processing delay in pupils with reading difficulties. Therefore, teachers are required to work instructional adjustments as a result, students with reading difficulties are to be successful in an suitable academic environment that help to reduce reading difficulties (such as eliminate any source of disturbance at mainstream classrooms and resource room). One of the most important instructional adjustments is use of basic procedures for appropriate intervention in early stage of educational ladder to avoid reading problems in students through use of various programs of intervention by specialized teachers and clinical psychologist. Another instructional adjustment which is methods of teaching students with dyslexia how do they read? (Kevin,1999). On the other hand, dyslexia friendly schools are an appropriate environment for children. They are to be provided with effective support and awareness of their additional requirements. The aim of this very brief essay is to discuss different definitions of dyslexia. Intervention to reduce reading difficulties in students with dyslexia will be discussed with a focus on stages of intervention in England; issues associated with intervention and also focus on Reading Recovery. Teaching Methods for students with reading difficulties will be examined in terms of Whole Language Instructions and Code- emphasis Instructions. Finally, Facilitating dyslexia friendly schools will be explored in brief. 1. Definition of Dyslexia It seems a controversial issue relatively in the beginning, because dyslexia has defined in many approaches, some of the definitions reflect the theories of causation, while the other definitions in an attempt to describe dyslexia. It seems clear that dyslexia involves more than one condition as it conveys a conceptual difficulty in reading skills for the child as well as a number of other reasons ((Rice, 2004). A hundred years have passed by since the first systematic definition of dyslexia as well as the diagnosis was established( Frith, 1999) and there is still considerable debate among professionals, professionals, psychologists and teachers about the conceptual issues of dyslexia, whoever in fact not far from agreement on their knowledge of concepts, skills development needs and capabilities, as well as diagnosis. Moreover, professionals and associations interested in special education differ in the definition of a large private educational terms, particularly in the case of attention deficit attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder(ADD) and dyslexia. In one community, has experienced difficulty in teaching reading as indicating poor reading skills that must be addressed by large-effective teaching methods. On the other hand, it is observed that another community the same way of reading difficulties in dyslexia, which contains an individual educational plan (IEP) that need to be highly efficient for the education of each individual case. Moreover, there are many of reliable definitions that have been adopted from a wide range of different instruction environments, such as definition of the British Association for Dyslexia (2001), which seems to be a descriptive definition , which indicate that dyslexia can be seen as : A combination of abilities and difficulties which affect the learning process in one or more of reading, spelling, and writing. Accompanying weakness may be identified in areas of speed of processing, short-term memory, sequencing, auditory and / or visual perception, spoken language and motor skills. It is particularly related to mastering and using written language, which may include alphabetic, numeric and musical notation ( Reid, 2002). It is agreed widely that reading skill is key for all people to complete the learning process successfully and appears to be agreement that the learning process needs to be a large number of simple skills, which requires the functions are ordered from different regions of the brain (both left and right from the Brocas area and Hamichaer ), moreover, the sequence of actions that may make it one of the most complex operations. It is clear that all teachers, practitioners and parents should have information about children with dyslexia and the most important problems they face, especially in reading to understand the definition of the educational process (British Dyslexia Association, 2003). On the other, the World Federation of Neurologists (1968) defined it as; Dyslexia is a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction and socio-cultural opportunity. It is dependent upon fundamental cognitive disabilities which are frequently of constitutional origin. (Mortimore, 2003, by Reid, 1994, p.2). If we pay enough attention to this definition it is clear that the greatest changes considerate on the late sixties that stress and characterized problems to complete reading process to be successful, and the new millennium, that is a interested far more than three different stages of description, the first, behavioural, which is the most important element for teachers and practitioners to work daily with children with dyslexia, particularly in the school, and second, cognitive which is more relate to teacher learning difficulties who is responsible for assessment of any kind of learning difficulties and then Preparation an individual education plan, third, the level of biological, which refers to dyslexia for kind of nervous-developmental in developmental deficit of biological origin(Frith, 2003). However, if we compare the definition of the British Dyslexia Association in the definition of (2001) of dyslexia with the equivalent, which presented by the World Federation of Neurology (1968), we will note other potential conflicts, according to the conceptual dimension to the definition of dyslexia. On the other hand, it is perfectly balanced in those who wish to present the strengths and weaknesses of children with dyslexia: dyslexia is a combination of difficulties, and capacity that may affect the learning process in one or more of the writing, reading and spelling. It might be possible, identify weaknesses in visual perception, processing speed of the short-term memory, sequencing, as well as audio, spoken language and motor skills. and that are relevant to mastering and using written language, which may contain the alphabet and identify the digital as well as musical. 2. Causes of Dyslexia According to ( Rice, 2004 ) there is still no consensus on the underlying causes of dyslexia. It is frequently point out that not all the difficulty in reading or writing means dyslexia. However, there are many scientists who believe that inheritance and hearing problems at an early age may cause dyslexia. This will be discussed in more details. 2.1 Inheritance May not be possible that dyslexia is not a strong characteristic that will be inherited, even if one or both parents have it. On the other hand, this may be possible. it clear that forty per cent of the people and explained that dyslexia has a history of learning difficulties in their family. According to Brain scanning of children with dyslexia by specialists in the field of medicine that bunches of cells beneath the surface in the front left side of the brain are responsible for reading problems (ibid.). This group of cells moving on the surface of brain cells while growing in the fetus, which does not occur with children with dyslexia. In addition, they have to be smaller mango cellular system, which is liable for recognition, for example, symbols and characters, which leads to difficult to read. They usually tend to use the right part for these skills, which are not designed for this job and that six times slower. It is clear that scientists consider these genetic variations and statistics that the inheritance is one of causes of dyslexia. 2.2 Hearing Problems at an Early Age It is frequently point out that the first five years of a childs life are important for the ability to read and write in accordance with natural languages. In the event that the child is suffering from colds or other continuously during the first years of his life, without medical intervention prior to the visit of the health center, may be exposed to ban prayer from time to time and thus may lead to hearing loss. This means that there is a break in the learning process of the child because of those problems in the hearing. If the child does not have the ability to hear words correctly, and thus lead to delays in the phonemic awareness of the child that leads to learning difficulties, such as dyslexia (Bradford, 2009). 3. Intervention for Dyslexia 3.1 Definition of intervention According to Wall (2003) definition of intervention as An intervention is an interaction between two people to bring about change and, therefore, early years practitioners undertake interventions each time they are working with children. Interventions may be short, medium or long term and will be planned carefully to ensure effectiveness and appropriateness. and He suggested idea which is what and how should practitioners draw up a plan or design different and useful intervention programs for each child as a case individually, by clarifying how it could encourage teachers or staff of these children collaborative work by each category of activity classroom, which can be caused by structured plan which made through specialists. It can be seen that intervention has become a significant key in resolving of psychological educational issues which is more effective to clarify access for these issues or problems and also it is useful in reaching positive results, especially for children with learning difficulties who are at risk for any particular type of learning difficulties. It is important to note that it should be look at if one parent has dyslexia, which is likely to move to one of their children as a result it is important there is focus on the family history, which may to be assisted to alert teachers and parents therefore, it may get appropriate intervention program for these children (Augur,1993 ). If we pay enough attention to Augur indicate that developmental dyslexia is justified for certain reasons, first reason, it may be very difficult to clarify kind of developmental dyslexia that a child is born through t according to the results of brain injury as a result of stroke or an accident, etc. Moreover, the second reason which is that many specialists agree that most of these children, who are smart in most courses with the exception of some basic academic skills that need to develop and therefore it is likely that the teachers are providing success and development of the natural growth of children with dyslexia, if they were with the fact that dyslexia may not be curable but it needs to useful intervention programs. 3.2 Stages of intervention in England According to DfES (2003) that stages of intervention used in schools in Britain, with almost identical stages in America, called (waves). Wave 1, which is refer to initial education for literacy in schools in that there must be effective integration of all children, high quality and a daily reading and writing hour with appropriate differentiation required. Whereas, if the children do not respond correctly to primary classroom of literacy guidance therefore, intervention will be necessary. In addition, Wave 2 shows a set of specific interventions which are additional a specific time, which refer to some children who are in need of support services to accelerate development and they can work at or above age-related t the highest of expectations . Wave 3 which is describes the governance for a small number of children and intervention is necessary to provide specifically for the processor speed of evolution or allow children to achieve their potential. It is Clearly that , this could i nclude the 01:01 or specific interventions, so when it comes to older children, which is usually refer to the approach set out specifically for children that have been identified as requiring special education support by working in the school environment. The best example, as noted by the researcher that Wave 3 intervention which is reading recovery. 3.3 Issues associated with intervention It is frequently point out that there is controversy about how to build effectively intervention programme. Researcher will present the most important factors agreed for potential success in the planning and production of the correct intervention program. First, it taking into accounts the assessment procedures and examination in psychology that can explain exactly what are the skills which need to develop in children. According to Fawcett and Lynch (2000) to examine dyslexia test (designed by Nicolson and Fawcett, 1996) will be the most successful for all the teachers to their schools. In addition, this test has become highly efficient because it is interested in semantic and verbal fluency as well as knowledge of numbers. Another reason which is how quickly the application of this test for example, it is take one minute to the task of writing and one minute in the skill of reading, moreover, spelling and other skills that could take two minutes. According to Pumfrey and Reason (2001) enhance the quantity and quality of cognitive development of children is significant factor to reach the appropriate intervention for them, it is important to take into account to confirmation that intervention at the earliest time that in order to that this procedure may not lead to a delay which is undesirable for children who have reading difficulties. In the same context, we may emphasize that the assessment procedures and examination need to be more focus by that stage, even before the application to avoid any future problems (Talcott,, 1997). However, the researcher as a teacher for special education as well as lecturer at the Department of Special Education recognizes that there are no tests in a uniform and there is a clear lack of evaluation of courses in schools in Saudi Arabia. It is clear that this is an opportunity for the researcher to obtain the correct method of assessing and screening for children who have difficulties reading in schools and the transfer of these measures and the right strategies for the development of the educational process in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Talcott (1997) indicate that there is another factor which is related to people who may play an active role of detection of children who have dyslexia. Therefore, there are some people around the children who have learning difficulties and they who provide full care to alleviate the difficulties that may be in these children as well as they are trying to find the appropriate methods in educational process such as, parents, professionals as well as specialists in health care. 3.4 Type of intervention for reading difficulties 3.4.1 Reading Recovery Reading Recovery has been designed by Marie Clay, who is a researcher in New Zealand (Reading Recovery Council , 2006). Mary did studies which allowed her to develop appropriate methods for the detection and intervention for reading difficulties for children. In addition, this program is studies based intervention that is applied in more than 10000 schools in New Zealand, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. it was a developed to offer intervention for children who have reading difficulties ( Au, Mason1990). According to Au, Mason (1990) The main of reading recovery is to be able to offer intensive one-on-one support children who have reading difficulties in first grade and thus provide appropriate intervention to help them succeed before they improve their reading difficulties (Savage, John 1994). Moreover, it is aimed at less than twenty percent of school classes in first grade classroom. It is clear that it is not easy to make a decision about who children should be given to this program. children are taking a test and depending on the lowest scores for this test and then to hold this program for children got the lowest scores by trained teachers in the application of this program for children who have difficulties reading to reduce these difficulties and to read well (Kline, Anne 1997). It is frequently point out reading recovery is developed to be compatible with the regular school system. Each school needs to confirm that teachers should have the ability to download the program continuously during the year. It is clear that it has the ability to work in a variety of levels for instance it works with teachers, in school, children, and in the education system to provide assistance in reducing reading difficulties in children (Reading Recovery National Network,2006 ). Savage, John (1994) pointed out that Reading Recovery which is a program works differently for each child who is in need of this program. Selection of children for this program based on the report which is submitted by the teacher, and a survey about what child has knowledge of letters and concepts about print process, text reading . In addition, the program begins with what the child is to have the ability to do, then it builds on what they are trying to do and work what child need to learn about reading (Reading Recovery National Network,2006 ).According to Chapman, Turner ( 2003) the program is designed to work one-on-one instruction for thirty minutes a day for a period of twelve to twenty weeks through trained teachers. Moreover, it is designed to regular classroom reading guide. In addition, It is set out to assist based on childs strengths. The main concentration on one-on-one lessons is concentrate on comprehending the various messages in reading and students have the ability to build messages in writing skill (Reading Recovery National Network). According to Savage, John (1994) reading recovery includes that: -Reading Familiar Books: students tend to read books that they enjoy. Teachers, however, will observe how child read these books then they will assist the child while children are reading this book. -Assessment of reading strategies: the students will have a book that have never read it, in the previous lesson, the child will read that book for the teacher, then the teacher will use recorder while the child is read. Working on Letter recognition: student will be trained to look at the different letters, and begins to be familiar with them. -Introducing new books: teacher will choose a number of different books that are suitable for students reading level. Reading new books: The teacher will show a new book for the student, and then the student will be supposed to read it in the next lesson. In addition, the teacher and student will discuss the book and provide assistance to prepare for the understanding of the story in that book before read it. It is clear that Reading program was designed to meet the special the individual needs of reader who has difficulties in reading, which seems different from child to child. Working Individually with students, preparing lessons to respond to the individual needs of the child, will help to develop childrens reading (hapman, Iversen, Tunmer 2005). It is clear that the reading recovery has extensive one-on-one instruction. Not surprising to anyone that the intensity of the program and work individually with students which is influential to stage of intervention for those students who have reading difficulties. Recent research indicates that the method of one-on-one is more effective in teaching in regular classes that lead to achieving the individual needs for each student (Chapman, Tunmer 2003). Reading Recovery Council (2006) pointed out that many of the children are in different levels reading skill, establishment of lesson for all student is not always effective to that a student who does not understand what may be understood by other child and therefore teachers can create a lesson that will contain five elements: working with letters, reading books which are familiar to student, observe and record what is read by the student and reading new curriculum (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). it is possible to assist students achieve effective reading performance by the individual needs of them early. In addition, working individually with students to guide them educating reading strategies as well as to provide some time for the application so that they will be capable to achieve in grade level (Educational Commissions System of the States 2000). It seems clear that the strategy of one-on-one which allows teachers to provide students all comments, compliments and questions that the teacher knows a student who has the ability to answer those questions. In addition to, the reading recovery teachers have the ability to help the student and give feedback for the work he is doing (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). On the other hand, reading recovery will take 30 minutes for each student .It must take into account that there are some things that may be affect the students when they are in the classroom, for example: days of illness, field trips and workshops (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). Barnes, Bonnie (1996) indicate that time consuming is one of the problems related to educating Reading Recovery through the amount of paperwork which are side by side with the teaching of reading recovery to individual students. For example, a written analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the child, the report of the expectations of progress through the identification of long-term and short-term goals to child daily lesson programme. Another drawback of reading recovery is teachers. Many teachers do not usually have support from their colleagues in the school as well as they have difficulty in access to feedback on their lessons. Moreover, there are many teachers in the classroom do not have a sense of the impact of reading recovery program on the children because it is presented only one or two students in their classrooms (Noble, Jo Anne 1995). In addition, There are many teachers who are working only has the half-time reading recovery teacher. Therefore, they have the abilit y to service only about eight children each academic year. In addition, many schools have approximately a hundred and fifty first grade students, this is evidence that only about five or six percent of children have the ability to receive reading recovery programme (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). As has been mentioned before the goal of reading recovery is to guide children in learning techniques and assist to practice time , children have the ability to deliver on grade level (Frankas, George 2000).However, reading recovery is working , regardless of economic status, gender and social status of the group of children that led to the acceleration of the effective progress this programme (Educational Leadership 1990). Centre, Wheldall (1992) pointed out that to make reading recovery programme more effective must change three elements: Behavioural change in teachers. The child behaviour change acquired through teachers. There is a need for the school to change the regulatory requirements for administrators and teachers. It is clear that the results of reading recovery program is that it offers effective intervention for students in grade school and then treatment, instead of falling into the failure in reading difficulties for these children. In addition, it is providing strong support for teachers and enables them to become more effective in reading recovery programme. Moreover, the most important outcome of the program is to be has number of children in grades 2-6 to have a few problems in reading difficulties once and then the program is implemented effectively and correctly (Noble, Jo Anne 1995). 4. Method of teaching reading skills for children with dyslexia As has been mentioned before is that in fact the intervention to address reading difficulties in children with dyslexia is a successful strategy to provide support appropriate for them. But it is frequently point out that , it is to look for on the strengths and weaknesses of the learner and learning styles appropriate through the school by the teacher, which is suited to the needs of each individual. Because it is known to us that each and every child with dyslexia is different according to the file and function of cognitive and learning styles appropriate to him (Reid ,1997). 4.1 Whole Language Instruction According to the study carried out by Frank, 1978, it was having an impact in supporting the Whole Language Instruction, teaching reading is a natural counterpart to learn to speak the sense of learning to read instinctive. In addition, Whole Language Instruction may focuses on education to be of total to the part and not vice versa (e.g. learning the skills not included in the Whole language instruction), and learning to write must occur through fun activities functional meaning, and the focus on education priority, instead of keeping the roots. Moreover, it consenter on the learner who is the center of education rather than the curriculum and education should be based on individual interaction. It is clear that it may supports education in a social environment. Moreover, the teacher is the one who set the curriculum to be concepts are interrelated rather than dividing them up into multiple skills or subsets of content and evaluation focuses on the strengths of the learner. It seems that Whole Language Instruction is a tool to deal with the class and adjust and it may provides disadvantaged students to be able to overcome reading problems ( Pressely, 1994). However, according to Mather (1992 ) Whole Language Instruction team believe that retail could disrupt learning process, so they are opposed to direct teaching of encoding, because it split the language into separate clips and skills, which may lead to the language is not used, as well as a waste of time. The Whole Language Instruction may provide meaning to the texts and it is focusing on both reading and writing, as learn the rules of language may be done without the need to teach voice. It is clear that Educators and researchers stress fact that learning may be the best when there is enjoyable environment for learning and learner will be active participant in learning process as well as the teacher must take into account individual differences between children. These principles focus upon the way of Whole Language Instruction in learning to read, the child will read full text and then he begins to recognize words and letters with helping by teacher and the child will feel motivation when he is reading and that is the most important needs, which increases the capacity of the child with dyslexia to learn to read correctly (Fuhler,1993 ) Learner (2000) pointed out that there are basics of teaching reading difficulties by using method of Whole Language Instruction as following: Firstly : Reading is one of the elements of internal language which is very close to oral language and written language, so teachers who use this method confirm the language written and oral reading lead to the child will be improved, when he learn to read and there is a relationship between linguistic vulnerability in children and reading difficulties, children who have language problems or mobility are likely to develop problems in writing in the early stages. Secondly: The method of verbal language may be acquired by the natural use, according to the teachers who use Whole Language Instruction that children may learn to speak without the need for special training and this means that children will learn to read naturally through exposure to learn to read by focusing on language and books which related to fluency of language. Thirdly : Teachers who use the method of Whole Language Instruction avoid use of separate teaching which does not focus on the link between parts of the meaning of language, as well as the way of teaching that focuses on use of separate exercises, and they believe that books that divide natural language into small pieces and mysterious that could make teaching is difficult. In addition, Whole Language Instruction users think that learning of characters is normally by way of education , it is clear that learning of letters should not be separate, but it is normally acquired through reading. 4.2 Code- emphasis Instruction It is clear that we should understand the strategies of coding in Whole Language Instruction or comic reading (Orthographic) , which are one of the strategies that provide the opportunity to children to read the words by this method because they saw these words for many times . Therefore, they have image of the words in the long-term memory, the image of words are not required to be stored in the same format and font but it will be merely images. To use this strategy, the reader should has knowledge of the alphabet and how to process link this letters together. Moreover, there are many of readers who tend to use this strategy because they have the satisfaction for the words through use of a number of consecutive times as a result, they are willing to remember these words at any time. However , when they are exposed to new words so they tend to use method of Code- emphasis Instruction so they used the analysis of these words and read them (Hoien,2000). According to Learner ( 2000 ) children with dyslexia often need to direct learning and systematic training on reading because the direct training on the skills of voice reading is significant due to the primary task which is a specific part which is used later for reading comprehension. However, children who start to learn to read slowly, they will become readers are strong later. It is clear that Code- emphasis Instruction is effective in that the reader have a broad reading skills in school and In the external environment, he will be able to read any textbooks or other books. In addition , Intensive reading may provide the opportunity for the growth of concepts and verbal knowledge for how to write and read the text. Therefore, ch

The Effects of Increased Temperature on Fish Reproduction Essay

The Effects of Increased Temperature on Fish Reproduction Today, many factors can contribute to an unexpected increase in temperature in streams, ponds, lakes and even oceans. One of the many factors which may cause this is a nuclear power plant. Although many might think that nuclear power is a source of many pollutants, this has been proven not to be so (1). In fact, nuclear power plants only cause one pollutant to the nearby water bodies, increased temperature. Usually this increase in temperature is approximately ten degrees above normal (2). However, this main study is to look at any effects that fish may have because of this increase in temperature. Several studies have been performed in this area, on several different species of fish. Although most fish respond in the same way, Eurasian Perch, for example, showed interesting side effects. By having an experimental group, which is placed into waters at a temperature of about ten degrees higher than the natural temperature, it is easy to compare to the control group, what physiological problems had occured. During the winter months, fish seek cooler water to perform gametogenesis, that is, sperm and eggs begin to form through meiosis. When spring arrives, these fish head back towards warmer water to spawn (3). What if the temperature is kept at a constant higher than the control group? One could say that this might cause the fish to think it is in the spawning season. By giving the fish a constant spawning season, the fish's reproductive cycle is knocked out of sequence. For example, suppose a fish normally lives in cold water during the winter months. If the fish is suddenly exposed to warm water during this time period, it may cause problems by... ...f the Brown Bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus, with Reference to its Orientation to the Discharge Canal of a Nuclear Power Plant. F. Paul Richards, Richard M. Ibara Trans. Am. Fish. 1978 107(2), 288-220 Other Works: DNA Damage and Radiocesium in Channel Catfish from Chernobyl Derric w. Sugg, John W. Bickham, Janet A. Brooks, Michael D. Lomakin Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 1996 Vol. 15, No. 7, 1057-1063 Effects of Temperature on Mitochondrial Function in the Antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii R. B. Weinstein, G. N. Somero J. Comp Physiol B. 1998, (168) 190-196 Gonadal Impairment in roach Rutilus rutilus from Finnish Coastal Area of the Northern Baltic Sea Tom Wiklund, Laura Lounasheimo, Jim Lom, Goran Bylund Inter Research 1996, Vol. 26, 163-171 The Effects of Increased Temperature on Fish Reproduction Essay The Effects of Increased Temperature on Fish Reproduction Today, many factors can contribute to an unexpected increase in temperature in streams, ponds, lakes and even oceans. One of the many factors which may cause this is a nuclear power plant. Although many might think that nuclear power is a source of many pollutants, this has been proven not to be so (1). In fact, nuclear power plants only cause one pollutant to the nearby water bodies, increased temperature. Usually this increase in temperature is approximately ten degrees above normal (2). However, this main study is to look at any effects that fish may have because of this increase in temperature. Several studies have been performed in this area, on several different species of fish. Although most fish respond in the same way, Eurasian Perch, for example, showed interesting side effects. By having an experimental group, which is placed into waters at a temperature of about ten degrees higher than the natural temperature, it is easy to compare to the control group, what physiological problems had occured. During the winter months, fish seek cooler water to perform gametogenesis, that is, sperm and eggs begin to form through meiosis. When spring arrives, these fish head back towards warmer water to spawn (3). What if the temperature is kept at a constant higher than the control group? One could say that this might cause the fish to think it is in the spawning season. By giving the fish a constant spawning season, the fish's reproductive cycle is knocked out of sequence. For example, suppose a fish normally lives in cold water during the winter months. If the fish is suddenly exposed to warm water during this time period, it may cause problems by... ...f the Brown Bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus, with Reference to its Orientation to the Discharge Canal of a Nuclear Power Plant. F. Paul Richards, Richard M. Ibara Trans. Am. Fish. 1978 107(2), 288-220 Other Works: DNA Damage and Radiocesium in Channel Catfish from Chernobyl Derric w. Sugg, John W. Bickham, Janet A. Brooks, Michael D. Lomakin Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 1996 Vol. 15, No. 7, 1057-1063 Effects of Temperature on Mitochondrial Function in the Antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii R. B. Weinstein, G. N. Somero J. Comp Physiol B. 1998, (168) 190-196 Gonadal Impairment in roach Rutilus rutilus from Finnish Coastal Area of the Northern Baltic Sea Tom Wiklund, Laura Lounasheimo, Jim Lom, Goran Bylund Inter Research 1996, Vol. 26, 163-171

Management Skills in Human Resource Development Essay

Technical skills encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. When you think of the skills held by professionals such as civil or oral surgeons, you typically focus on their technical skills .Through extensive formal education, they have learned the special knowledge and practices of their field. Of course ,professionals donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have a monopoly on technical skills ,and not all technical skills ,have to be learned in schools or formal training programs .All jobs require some specialized expertise ,and many people develop their technical skills on the job. Human Skills The ability to work with ,understand ,and motivate other people ,both individually and in groups ,describes ,human skills many people are technically proficient but interpersonally incompetent. They might be poor listeners ,unable to understand the needs of others, or have difficulty managing conflicts .Since managers get things done through other people ,they must have good human skills to communicate ,motivate, and delegate. Conceptual Skills Managers must have the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations. These tasks require conceptual skills. Decision making, for instance, requires managers to spot problems, identify alternatives that can correct them, evaluate those alternatives ,and select the best one .Managers can be technically and interpersonally competent yet still fail because of an inability to rationally process and interpret information Effective vs. Successful Managerial activities Fred Luthans and his associates looked at the issue of what managers do from a somewhat different perspective. They asked the question : Do managers who move up most quickly in an organization do the same activities and with the same emphasis as managers who do the best job? You would tend to think that the managers who were the most effective in their jobs would also be the ones who were promoted fastest .But thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s not what appears to happen. Luthans and his associates studied more than 450 managers .What they found was that these managers all engaged in four managerial activities : Traditional Management. Decision making ,planning, and controlling. Communication. Exchanging routine information and processing paperwork.

Acer 6886 Position Though Advertisement

Acer 6886 Position Though Advertisement Positioning Acer 6886 will be easy to position though advertisement to existing customers. Most people while purchasing devices online will be required to register with their email address. Through this, the company has an opportunity to send articles as the customers have subscribed.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Acer 6886: Position Though Advertisement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Weekly newsletters, manuals and software’s that are compatible to Acer are sent to the customers’ mailbox, describing how they should use their laptops. By purchasing the laptops, they have proved to trust the models and automatically become Acer’s loyal customers. This medium is suitable to position Acer 6886 to the existing customer. A guide can be sent to them containing the new features available in the new version. The guide book can have picture of the model and its performance rate. University st udents and young adults’ reason for purchasing Acer 6886 is mainly for education purposes. They can also be interested in it for entertainment. The best area to position this new model to young people is through social networks. Majority of this age group get involved in social media and there is a lot that can be exposed through them. Facebook is an example of social network that allows organizations and companies to do advertisements. This is the best place to position the awareness of Acer 6886 considering it will appear on their â€Å"wall†. The advertisement can be linked back to the website where they will have a clear views and details of the model (Gurevitch, 2010). Acer 6886 can be positioned for people who would prefer to do their work at home through magazines and newspapers. Adults aged between 25 and 29 can subscribe for magazines to be sent to their home addresses. Newspapers offer sections for advertisement and Acer can utilize this opportunities. Every adult in Canada is able to purchase newspapers since it contains a lot of information. An individual is able to be connected to Acer while seated in their living room. The details they need would be included in the page. With all the features of the Acer6886, it would be easy for the wealthy customers to do away with desktops. Desktops are bulky while laptops are portable. The new version connects everything that is within your influence into one spot. The best way to position a high-tech laptop like Acer 6886 is through billboards advertisement. The billboards are usually placed along major highways. This is strategic since it gives the customers a chance to see the adverts along the roads as they drive to various places of destination. There is a single means of positioning in all categories of people targeted in the segments in this type of advertisement. It serves as a means of communication through persuasion towards a product. In the modern world there are different means of c ommunication but advertisement is suitable.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It might be costly but one is guaranteed that the message has passed across. The existing customers would better-placed in terms of subscription for Acer’s products because they already have their contacts in their database. As for young adults and university students, social network will work to catch their attention. 80 percent of these groups are in social networks. Face book and other site like Google have columns for advertisement. Through one advert you are able to target a big number. Newspapers are very cheap and contain a lot of information. Many adults depend on newspapers as a source of needed information regarding what is happening around the nation and the world. Busy adults avoid spending a lot of time watching televisions, and it is because of this that newspa pers come in handy. Newspapers and magazines are easily accessible from stores and bookshops. Getting into social networks, reading magazines and checking subscriptions from the mail are not popular acts for rich people (Clow Baack, 2007). References Clow, K.E., Baack, D. (2007). Integrated Advertising, Promotion, and Marketing Communications (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Pearson Education. Gurevitch, L. (2010). The Cinemas of Transactions: The exchangeable currency of GC attractions across audiovisual economies. Journal of Television and New Media, 5, 367-385.

Why Do Good People Do Bad Things Essay Example

Why Do Good People Do Bad Things Essay Example Why Do Good People Do Bad Things Essay Why Do Good People Do Bad Things Essay In this essay I will talk about the torturing of prisoners in Abu Ghraib. I will also write about the Stanley Milgrim Experiment and the Stanford Prison Experiment. All of these relate to one of the topics we have covered this term. There is an excellent example of uniforms influencing power in the Stanford Prison experiment which took place in1971, it was lead by Prof Zimbardo1 (see footnote) in which a group of students were selected to act as prison guards and prisoners in a ‘fake’ prison. Even though the students who were selected to take part were completely aware it was a simulation, the experiment descended into chaos, the guards had started to torture the prisoners and even made the prisoners simulate sodomy on each other. The experiment was abandoned after the six days of the intended 2 weeks as it was too immoral. Perhaps the guards tortured the prisoners because of the uniforms. 30 years later, this behaviour was mirrored in a real prison at Abu Graib as I will explain. Boston Globe Article: ‘Good soldiers turn into bad eggs’, May 2004 There is another excellent example of how uniforms influence power and dehumanisation in the prison at Abu Graib. The incident at Abu Ghraib has left a black mark on America’s history but also provides an excellent subject to write about. The incident at Abu Ghraib happened from 2003-2004. The prisoners at Abu Ghraib were tortured and degraded until they managed to get information out of them, this included st ripping them naked and piling them on top of each other, putting a leash on them and pulling them around the prison and forcing them to masturbate. The people that we know did this were, Lynndie England and Charles Graner who was Lynndie’s lover â€Å"Some residents said Pte England was a model soldier who only did what she was told and must have been acting on commands from above. † This was said in a report from the BBC on the Baghdad prison, this shows that the soldiers that worked there were very closely bonded. 2 2 http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/world/americas/4490795. stm There is another example of how uniforms influence power is the Stanley Milgrim Experiment which. This is an example of diffusion of power, this is an example of this because the supposed ‘teacher’ keeps referring to the professor as the boss saying, ‘shall I carry on? ’ ‘I don’t want to do this’ and most of the time they do what the teacher says but some of the time they don’t, for example when the ‘student’ says that he wants to get out then they normally go. Of course the student isn’t actually receiving any shocks the responses are just pre-recorded responses so the teacher thinks that he is. youtube. com/watch? =BcvSNg0HZwk My opinions on the matter of Abu Ghraib are that it was a major flaw in judgement from Lynndie England and it was almost blinded love for her boyfriend Charlie Graner. I also think that it had to do with something from higher up in the army, for example maybe a captain that had told them to do whatever it takes and they would have taken that more literally then it was intended to be . However, I still think that this is an immoral and unethical way to treat a human being, even if they are different in skin colour and religion. With the Stanley Milgram experiment it shows that if someone sees someone else with a kind of uniform they would naturally gravitate towards them as a helping figure as they have to almost ‘earn’ their uniform and this shows that they are a good person. Also it shows that no-matter the uniform once the person getting the shock gets into a serious pain threshold then most of them stop as they cannot go all the way to seriously hurting people. Overall I think that the Abu Ghraib incident was a seriously inhumane and unethical thing to do and I think the people that committed that crime were let off to easily and that the people that had it done to them should have some sort of compensation. With the Stanley Milgrim Experiment I think it shows that most people are willing to give people pain but not lots of pain and certainly not enough to inflict serious injury on someone. With the Stamford Prison Experiment I think it was right to be pulled off early as it could of progressed to something much worse.