Prefeasibility Study of Upper Khudi -A Hydropower Project

Prefeasibility m map of top(prenominal) Khudi -A Hydropower ProjectCE1.1.1 This discover entitled Prefeasibility Study of Upper Khudi -A hydropower project is one prep ared by group of five students in partial fulfilment of requirement for the bachelors degree in civil technology. This project was carried erupt at Kantipur Engineering College, Dhapakhel, Lalitpur, affiliated to Tribhuwan University. Our team comprised of five members and the project itself was supervised by Er. Baburam Bharadwaj (Project Manager of Khudi hydropower limited)CE1.1.2 Being the final year project of our plan program, the timespan for this project was 1 year. We worked on it from June 2010 to November 2010. During this period, we presented the end, conducted the feasibility analysis, project analysis, project object, project defence, final presentation and final report. I was the team lead for my project and was a dedicated member from start to finishCE.1.2 BackgroundCE1.2.1 As the name suggests, Prefeasibility Study of Upper Khudi -A hydropower project, is prefeasibility study aimed to use the theoretical knowledge we had from out textbook books to better understand the feasibility and optimization of the bearing of sm each scale hydropower project centered on Upper Khudi River in Lamjung district of Western Nepal. volume of Nepalese households rely upon hydropower for their efficiency needs. So, developing small scale hydropower energy plants can be very efficient energy solutions as the rivers in Nepal are mostly mountain rivers with enough water throughout the year.CE1.2.2 Khudi River has an average slope of 1 in 30 with gravels and boulders forming the river bed. It has a gamy depositary transport capacity. Upper Khudi Hydropower Project is a run of the river type hydropower scheme knowing to produce power using the discharge of the Khudi River. It begins from the confluence of two Rivers, Sundar Khola and Khudi Khola. The catchments area of the River is 133 km2 at the surgical incision of Hydrology Metrology (DHM) station located at Khudi Bazar, which when transformed to our catchments is 25 km2, running from north to south.CE1.2.3 The learning exercise included optimizing schemes per project capacity, sizes of hydraulic structures, water gate and electromechanical equipment and barricade the sensitivity analysis for the monetary parameters which comprised of a significant result of in this feasibility analysis report. The study shows the feasibility of project with sufficient alternatives. We made accredited we followed all the organizational rules and regulations of the University as strong as the Hydropower Project.CE1.2.4 The project was divided into five move namely Data collection, Design and modelling, Cost estimation, Project readying and scheduling, Economic and financial analysis. Each member of the team was given one sector each as a main area of study and was liable for the literature review of that part. I was given t he Project planning and scheduling and the Design and Modelling part.CE1.2.5 Organisational ChartCE1.2.6 Project ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to bob up the best project alternative and carry out the pre-feasibility study of the same. The main objectives are highlighted belowTo be acquainted with the various aspects of hydropower planning and development.To find out the feasibility of projectTo know about the major components of the hydropower project.To select the best project alternative.To carry out the engineering chassis of hydropower components.To calculate the power and energy generated from the project.To carry out the quantity estimation and their cost.To prepare implementation schedule of the project.To carry out optimization of project capacity and components.To carry out financial analysis and sensitivity analysis of the projectCE1.3 Personal Engineering ActivitiesCE1.3.1 I have al fashions been passionate about renewable energy and it is the main designer I took engineering as my career. In the context of Nepal, hydropower energy has a lot of scope. Most of the country in the upper hilly and mountainous parts are deprived of energy which is not a hard goal to achieve if small-scale hydropower projects implemented. I consulted my friends to form a group of five. We prepared the proposal to study for a hydropower project that could be used for a real project in the future. Then we prepared the proposal and submitted to the Dept. Of Civil Engineering with a detailed timeline graphed in a Gantt Chart. We consulted with the head engineer designated for this project and proposed that we would submit a study that could whateverhow facilitate the funded government project. He agreed to serve up us in any possible way and agreed to become our supervisor.CE1.3.2 Before we started, we decided that we visit a similar small scale hydropower project. We hatch to a similar hydropower project that powered a small city called Banepa east of Kathma ndu. We talked to the authorities and they allowed us to walk through the entire project and memorize the dam, the turbines control room, and allowed us to take the specifications of the turbine so that we could have a rough idea of what equipment we had to choose to prepare the analysis of the hydropower project we had to do the project for. I alike conducted weekly progress meetings with the team and supervisor to tackle any hurdles that we faced. We consulted with senior professors about my problems and ideas.CE1.3.3 The entire work of this study is done by desk Study and field visit and survey by minor instrument such as Tape, and Abney level etc. All the data and information usable from different sources were carefully analyzed to perform the preliminary study of all the necessary components. For the hydrological study of the project, mean monthly discharge of 13 years records of Khudi Khola at Khudi Bazar station (439.3) are obtained from DHM and analyzed using catchment ar ea correlation method to find necessary hydrological parameters. Topographic maps (150000) of proposed site was studied for the allocation and design of civil as well as electro-mechanical components of the project.The methodology employed to undertake the study were desk study and map study, field survey and social interaction, literature review, hydrological analysis, concealment and selection of the best alternative, hydraulic design of the components of the chosen alternative, cost analysis and preparation of bill of quantities and finally report preparation and presentation.CE1.3.4 The topography of the site is steep and bumpy and thus we proceeded deciding that tunneling is the best possible alternative for waterway. As I was given the responsibility of design and modelling, I am explaining what the engineering design from the headwork to the penstock is comprised of in brief.CE1.3.5 The headwork was located at 1290 m elevation. The trench weir was provided for diversion of flow to the intake and passage of high gush water. For design of the weir with length 10m, the design flood is taken as 40.073 m3/s for hundred years-return periods. The trench size has been calculated considering 50% of the trash rack is clogged and the design discharge will be conveyed. The intake was designed to allow abstraction of water from the source with as little sediment as possible, thereby minimizing maintenance and operational costs and providing some measure of protection against damage too (e.g. blocking of the conduit by incoming sediment and debris).A.) Design Aspects of Gravel Trap and Settling Basin The main design principle of the gravel rap was that the velocity through it should be less than that required to move the smallest size of gravel to be removed. Since the water abstracted from sediment loaded river not only reduces the capacity of the conveyancesystem but also damages the hydro turbines, thereby causing operation and maintenance problems. To cope wit h economy of energy propagation from this, I wanted to design and construct a settling basin before water enters the plant, which helps to limit the entry of sediment into the plant by living accommodations the particle size greater than 0.2 mm.B.) Headrace Tunnel The shape as well as the dimensions of the tunnel should be selected such that it should be readily accessible from every direction for control, maintenance and repair. In pressure tunnels operating under high heads, the provisions of lining of concrete (PCC or RCC) and even sword lining including steel pipes may be embedded. To reduce construction costs, relatively high flow velocities should be permitted in tunnels, higher ones than those of open canals. In addition to this I also calculated Friction losses Darcy Weisbach formula. The resulting dimension of the tunnel after all analysis was Inverted D shape 2m in diameter and 1500 m in length.C.) Surge tank A surge tank is generally constructed immediately prior to pe nstock or pressure eff so as to go bad out the oscillation in water level as soon as possible and to store water during load rejection until the new velocity has been established. concluding design composed of a circular surge with diameter 2 m and height of 13.5 having upsurge and down surge of 6.256m and 4.704 m respectively.D.) sluiceway Penstock is usually the pipeline in between surge tank and turbine inlet. Penstock may be low pressure or high-pressure penstock. Usually it is high pressure. The materials used are usually of steel, reinforced concrete. The pipe diameter and the thickness are such that the stress in steel computed from hoop stress criteria is well within the allowable limit. The hoop stress developed is given by the thin cylinder theory. I design we used inclined underground shaft made of mild steel.E.) Turbine To maintain the supply even in peak load conditions, two units of Pelton turbines with horizontal Shaft are in housed in the Powerhouse. dickens uni ts of generator are used to generate electrical energy. Turbine was selected on the analysis based on on tap(predicate) head and design discharge. Two units are provided for good continuation of supply on maintenance of one unit also.Also, a tailrace was set to convey the water leaving the power plant back to the river. The tailrace should be designed to maintain the water surface at the elevation specified by the turbine manufacturer and to protect the power plant against flooding by the expected design flood level in the river.E.) Power generation A 66 KV transmission line has been proposed for the safe and economic transmission of the generated power, on a length of 30 Km for the interconnection of the supply to the national grid at Udaypur.CE1.3.6 The subjects that I was enrolled in the undergraduate like fluid mechanics, hydraulics, water supply, engineering hydrology, survey, engineering drawing etc. helped me a lot to complete and prepare my project. I tried to utilise all my knowledge in utmost way to realise a hydropower project. While doing this project, I not only experienced the applied part of civil and hydropower engineering but also learned a lot of practical skills like communication skills, time management, project presentation and team work. During this project interval, being a group leader I had to influence not only my own but I have to help my group members in technical and other calculation part as well.CE1.3.7 Me along with my team members worked together very hard and could complete the project in the defined time. We could study the pre-feasibility of Upper Khudi and prepare the final report in the designated time. later on the completion of this project, I felt a big rise in my confidence level as an engineer and I felt I could advantageously tackle the obstacles by studying about it, applying the solutions in real life problems. We used various software like MS-Word, MS-Excel, MS-PowerPoint to document the report, prepare presen tations and analyze available data. I feel like my reporting skills, drafting skills and drawing skills also utilised professionally over the course of this project.CE1.4 SummaryUndertaking this project helped me to use my theoretical knowledge on practical and real life work scenarios relating design and construction of a hydro power plant. We were very happy that the project met all the initial objectives. The project has a conventional B/C ratio of 2.1 and modified of 2.13 and IRR of 23.4%. The total cost of the project is NRs 605,089,628.69 and cost per kilowatt is within the concatenation of prevailing Cost per KW for the projects recently built in Nepal. Hence, the project was financially, technically, socially and environmentally viable, and can be forwarded for further study. In a nutshell, I was efficiently and successfully able to undertake, manage and complete the project ensuring that it met all its objectives within a designated time frame.